ABSTRACT
Este trabalho utiliza índices ecológicos em taxocenoses de peixes (constância de ocorrência, diversidade de espécies, riqueza, equitabilidade, índice de qualidade integrado (IQ)) como instrumento de avaliação da degradação ambiental. As amostragens foram padronizadas e realizadas sazonalmente durante dois anos, com rede de arrasto do tipo picaré, em onze pontos da bacia hidrográfica do lago Guaíba. Os pontos que apresentaram maior regularidade sazonal nos índices coincidem com locais de melhor qualidade ambiental indicados por outros fatores (frequência de anomalias, DBO5, temperatura, coliformes totais, oxigênio dissolvido). O cálculo do índice de qualidade integrado (IQ), entretanto, foi extremamente influenciado pela abundância e riqueza de espécies, sendo que os locais considerados de melhor qualidade por este índice correspondem aos de pior qualidade ambiental indicados por outros fatores. A análise realizada demonstrou que à medida que a qualidade da água melhora, o Índice de Margalef diminui. Isto demonstra que mesmo havendo uma melhora na qualidade da água, não houve uma melhora da estrutura da comunidade deste local.
Several ecological indexes in taxocenoses of fish (constancy, diversity, richness, evenness, and integrated quality index - IQ) are used as indicators of environmental degradation through the analysis of standardized and seasonal fish samples taken along two years in eleven localities of the Lake Guaíba drainage. Localities that showed regular diversity indexes along two years are coincident with those with better environmental quality indicated by other factors (frequency of abnormalities in fishes, DBO5, temperature, total coliforms, dissolved oxygen). The integrated quality index, however, was mostly influenced by abundance and richness, being the localities indicated as the best quality by this index coincident with those indicated as bad quality by other factors. The accomplished analysis demonstrated that when the measure of water quality gets better, the Margalef Index decreases. This demonstrates that even having an improvement in water quality, there is no improvement of structure of the fish community of this place.
ABSTRACT
The integrated System of Treatment of Liquid Effluent, SITEL, has eight tertiary lagoons connected in series, where occurred a natural fish sttlement of several species of the area. Gills of forty five specimens of Astyanax jacuhiensis collected in the tertiary lagoons 1 and 8 and twenty four in the arroio Bom Jardim were analyzed with paraffin routine histological technique and stained with H&E and PAS (periodic Acid of Sciff). Anomalous tissues were observed in all three sites, being more intense in samples from lagoon 1 than from lagoon 8. The anomalies observed in arroio Bom Jardim samples are less tissue, increase in the number of secretory mucous cells, fusion of the secondary branchial lamellae, disarrangement of the epithelial tisue and aneurysms. The fact anomalies at the lagoon 1 are more intense than observed in lagoon 8 suggests there is a reduction in the effect of the eflluent along the tertiary system...